אודות ומקורות

קרדיטים ורישוי

תמונות השמש: Courtesy of NASA/SDO and the HMI/AIA science teams. התמונות של SDO אינן מוגנות בזכויות יוצרים, אלא אם צוין אחרת. מספר הכתמים ההיסטורי מופיע ברישיון CC BY-NC 4.0, לשימוש שאינו מסחרי.

• Galileo Galilei, sunspot drawing of 28 June 1612 ("Giug. D. 28"), Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari, Rome 1613, p. 84

  Galileo Galilei (1564–1642); engraving printed by Giacomo Mascardi, Rome · 1612 (drawing), 1613 (print)

  License: Public domain (Public Domain Mark 1.0; PD-old-100-expired, PD-1923 on Wikimedia Commons)

  Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustrations_de_Istoria_e_dimostrazio…

  Scan by the Bibliothèque nationale de France of the Observatoire de Paris copy (ark:/12148/btv1b26002690, catalogue https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38496559h). License checked on the Commons file page on 2026-10-01. We cropped the page margins around the disk, applied a mild contrast stretch and resized to 760 px. Not rotated or mirrored.

  site/public/history/galileo-1612-06-28.jpg

• Galileo Galilei, sunspot drawing of 29 June 1612 ("Giug. D. 29"), Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari, Rome 1613, p. 85

  Galileo Galilei (1564–1642); engraving printed by Giacomo Mascardi, Rome · 1612 (drawing), 1613 (print)

  License: Public domain (Public Domain Mark 1.0; PD-old-100-expired, PD-1923 on Wikimedia Commons)

  Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustrations_de_Istoria_e_dimostrazio…

  Same BnF scan series as the 28 June drawing. Downloaded as the 960 px Commons rendition, cropped around the disk, mild contrast stretch, resized to 760 px. Not rotated or mirrored.

  site/public/history/galileo-1612-06-29.jpg

• SDO/HMI continuum intensity images (Ic_1k, Ic_4k) and line-of-sight magnetograms (M_1k)

  NASA/SDO and the HMI science team; served by the Joint Science Operations Center (JSOC), Stanford University · 2026–

  License: Not copyrighted (NASA): "SDO images and movies are not copyrighted unless explicitly noted". Credit: Courtesy of NASA/SDO and the HMI science team.

  Source: jsoc1.stanford.edu/data/hmi/images/

  Cropped around the disk, outside of the disk blacked out (removes the text label), resized and re-encoded (WebP/JPEG). The magnetogram is shown only as the latest image in the home page filter switcher.

  site/public/lab-archive/*.jpg; live frames, daily archive and latest/magnetogram (media)

• SDO browse images: HMI continuum (HMIIC) and AIA 171 Å, 304 Å and 1700 Å

  NASA/SDO and the AIA and HMI science teams; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · 2026–

  License: Not copyrighted (NASA). Credit: Courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.

  Source: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/browse/

  HMIIC and 1700 as hourly fallback when JSOC is unavailable (BRIEF §4.2). AIA 171, 304 and 1700: latest image only, for the home page filter switcher; cropped to the same framing as the continuum frame, not masked (the corona above the limb stays).

  fallback frames; latest/aia171, aia304, aia1700 (media)

• Space weather data: sunspot number, Solar Region Summary, solar regions, flare probabilities, GOES X-ray flux, observed and predicted solar cycle

  NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) · updated daily

  License: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

  Source: services.swpc.noaa.gov/

  Read by the daily pipeline and reshaped; values are not changed.

  today.json, cycle.json (media)

• International Sunspot Number V2.0, daily total sunspot number since 1818

  WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels · 1818–2026

  License: CC BY-NC 4.0. Credit: Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels

  Source: doi.org/10.24414/qnza-ac80

  silso-by-day.json is the same daily values regrouped by calendar day; silso-yearly.json holds yearly means of the daily values that we computed (scripts/build_this_day.py). Non-commercial educational use.

  data/silso_daily.csv; site/public/data/silso-by-day.json; site/src/data/silso-yearly.json

• Frank Ruhl Libre, Assistant, IBM Plex Mono

  The Frank Ruhl Libre Project Authors; The Assistant Project Authors and The Source Sans Pro Authors; IBM Corp. (IBM Plex Mono); packaged by Fontsource

  License: SIL Open Font License 1.1

  Source: fontsource.org/

  Self-hosted, Hebrew and Latin subsets.

  fonts (site/node_modules/@fontsource)